{"id":98522,"date":"2026-06-19T18:10:09","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T18:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/brain-computer-interface-trials-are-taking-off\/"},"modified":"2026-06-19T18:10:09","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T18:10:09","slug":"brain-computer-interface-trials-are-taking-off","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/brain-computer-interface-trials-are-taking-off\/","title":{"rendered":"Brain-computer interface trials are taking off"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-chronoton-summary=\"&lt;ul&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A &quot;first power user&quot; of brain implants:&lt;\/strong&gt; Casey Harrell, paralyzed and unable to speak coherently due to ALS, has spent nearly three years using a brain-computer interface to work, reconnect with loved ones, and read to his daughter \u2014 calling it &quot;nothing short of revolutionary.&quot;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The field is rapidly expanding:&lt;\/strong&gt; Since 2024, the number of people implanted with brain electrodes has more than doubled to an estimated 150, with companies like Neuralink, Synchron, and China's Neuracle all running active trials.&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The technology keeps getting better \u2014 but questions remain:&lt;\/strong&gt; BCIs have evolved from basic cursor control to full speech decoding with voice cloning, yet researchers still don't fully understand why devices eventually stop working in some patients&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;\/ul&gt;\" data-chronoton-post-id=\"1139270\" data-chronoton-expand-collapse=\"1\" data-chronoton-analytics-enabled=\"1\"><\/div>\n<p>This week, I covered <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2026\/06\/15\/1138953\/man-als-first-power-user-brain-implant-speak-bci\/?utm_source=the_checkup&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=the_checkup.unpaid.engagement&amp;utm_content=06-18-26\">the story of Casey Harrell<\/a>\u2014a man with ALS who is \u201cthe first power user\u201d of a brain implant, according to the researchers who worked with him. Harrell is paralyzed and unable to speak coherently without the device. He has now spent almost three years using a brain-computer interface (BCI) that enables him to \u201cspeak,\u201d surf the web, and perform his job as a climate activist, largely independently.<\/p>\n<p>Since Harrell was implanted with the device, in July 2023, a team at the University of California, Davis, has worked with him to adjust and improve its offerings. They\u2019ve refined its accuracy, for example. And they\u2019ve introduced settings including a privacy mode and a \u201cprofanity filter\u201d that lets Harrell talk to his daughter without risking accidental swearing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Harrell told me that, for him, the device is \u201cnothing short of revolutionary!\u201d<\/strong> It has enabled him to maintain an income, reconnect with friends and family, and read to his daughter.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The team that developed his BCI is one of several working on ways to use technology to allow people with paralysis to communicate, engage with the online world, and regain some independence. And Harrell is one of a growing number of people volunteering their brains to, as he puts it, \u201cpay it forward and do the scientific research \u2026 [and] get some personal benefit.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Over the past couple of years, the number of BCI trial volunteers has soared. This year, China became the first country to approve a BCI for medical use. Advances in technology are allowing engineers to provide more features than ever. BCI research is properly taking off.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I should first point out that BCIs come in different forms<\/strong>. Harrell\u2019s device includes a set of electrodes embedded in his brain that pick up the electrical activity associated with speech. Those electrodes are connected to two docking ports on top of his head that can be plugged into a computer.<\/p>\n<p>That computer is loaded with software trained to decode his brain signals into phonemes (units of sound in speech) and predict what Harrell wants to say. He can then use an eye gaze tracker to make any corrections before the speech is played out loud.<\/p>\n<p>But some BCIs don\u2019t need to be \u201cplugged in\u201d\u2014they\u2019re fully implanted and wireless. Others are less invasive; they might involve placing wired electrodes on the surface of the brain or simply wearing a cap of electrodes, for example. There are trade-offs\u2014the closer you get to the neurons you want to record from, the better your signal will be. But generally speaking, the more invasive the surgery, the higher the risk of complications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>BCIs can also have different functions.<\/strong> Harrell has ALS, but most BCIs in use today are sitting in the brains of people with spinal cord injuries. Typically, these individuals have some degree of paralysis; for example, they may be unable to move their arms and legs, but their face and ability to speak are unaffected. In those cases, BCIs can be used to control other kinds of devices that might help with mobility.<\/p>\n<p>In 2024, Michelle Patrick-Krueger, then at the University of Houston, and her colleagues published\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44222-024-00239-5\">a roundup of all trials of BCIs conducted between 1998<\/a>, which is when they believe the first device was implanted, and the end of 2023. They identified 21 research groups that, among them, had trialed BCIs in a total of 67 volunteers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSince then, that number has increased a lot,\u201d says Mariska Vansteensel, a BCI researcher at University Medical Center Utrecht. In January, Neuralink (the BCI company founded by trillionaire Elon Musk)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/neuralink.com\/updates\/two-years-of-telepathy\/\">announced<\/a> that it has implanted 21 people with its device in the past two years.<\/p>\n<p>Synchron, another BCI company, is currently testing its devices in trials in North America and Australia. Shanghai-based Neuracle has been trialing a BCI since November 2024, and it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2026\/06\/01\/1138133\/china-world-first-brain-chip\/?utm_source=the_checkup&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=the_checkup.unpaid.engagement&amp;utm_content=06-18-26\">recently obtained approval<\/a> for the device to be used outside of clinical trials. Precision Neuroscience, cofounded by a former co-creator of rival Neuralink, is also trialing its BCI, which sits on the surface of the brain.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, academic research has continued. The UC Davis team that worked with Harrell is part of BrainGate\u2014a BCI research effort that has been running for the past two decades. Other academic teams are exploring a variety of devices, from the fully implanted to the minimally invasive.<\/p>\n<p>Since 2024, when Patrick-Krueger\u2019s paper was published, the number of people who have been implanted with a brain electrode has more than doubled, according to Vansteensel. <strong>\u201cMy current estimation would be around 150 people,\u201d she says.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The technology is improving too. Take the BrainGate trial, for example. The first 17 years of that trial focused on the use of what researchers call \u201cpoint-and-click\u201d communication\u2014allowing users to control a cursor and \u201cclick\u201d with their brain activity. But in recent years the team has pivoted toward decoding speech, says David Brandman, the lead investigator on the team (and the person who implanted Harrell\u2019s electrodes). Today, Harrell\u2019s device uses a voice clone\u2014the speech it produces is based on previous recordings of Harrell\u2019s voice.<\/p>\n<p><strong>But BCIs are still experimental.<\/strong> And plenty of questions remain about who might benefit from them\u2014and how long the devices will last. So far, most BCIs have been implanted in people with spinal cord injuries. We know even less about how they might benefit other people who have ALS, for example. In some cases where the devices initially helped people with ALS\u2014even someone who was completely locked in\u2014the BCIs eventually stopped working. And scientists don\u2019t really know why.<\/p>\n<p>The only way they\u2019ll find out is through more research\u2014and the participation of volunteers like Harrell. So it\u2019s exciting to see trials truly take off. And I promise I\u2019ll update you on where they stand two years from now.<\/p>\n<p><em>This article first appeared in The Checkup,\u00a0<\/em>MIT Technology Review\u2019s<em>\u00a0weekly biotech newsletter. To receive it in your inbox every Thursday, and read articles like this first,\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/forms.technologyreview.com\/newsletters\/biotech-the-checkup\/?_ga=2.241810882.15113993.1664981064-43237434.1647441349\"><em>sign up here<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This week, I covered the story of Casey Harrell\u2014a man with ALS who is \u201cthe first power user\u201d of a brain implant, according to the researchers who worked with him. Harrell is paralyzed and unable to speak coherently without the device. He has now spent almost three years using a brain-computer interface (BCI) that enables him to \u201cspeak,\u201d surf the web, and perform his job as a climate activist, largely independently. Since Harrell was implanted with the device, in July 2023, a team at the University of California, Davis, has worked with him to adjust and improve its offerings. They\u2019ve refined its accuracy, for example. And they\u2019ve introduced settings including a privacy mode and a \u201cprofanity filter\u201d that lets Harrell talk to his daughter without risking accidental swearing. Harrell told me that, for him, the device is \u201cnothing short of revolutionary!\u201d It has enabled him to maintain an income, reconnect with friends and family, and read to his daughter.\u00a0 The team that developed his BCI is one of several working on ways to use technology to allow people with paralysis to communicate, engage with the online world, and regain some independence. And Harrell is one of a growing number of people volunteering their brains to, as he puts it, \u201cpay it forward and do the scientific research \u2026 [and] get some personal benefit.\u201d Over the past couple of years, the number of BCI trial volunteers has soared. This year, China became the first country to approve a BCI for medical use. Advances in technology are allowing engineers to provide more features than ever. BCI research is properly taking off. I should first point out that BCIs come in different forms. Harrell\u2019s device includes a set of electrodes embedded in his brain that pick up the electrical activity associated with speech. Those electrodes are connected to two docking ports on top of his head that can be plugged into a computer. That computer is loaded with software trained to decode his brain signals into phonemes (units of sound in speech) and predict what Harrell wants to say. He can then use an eye gaze tracker to make any corrections before the speech is played out loud. But some BCIs don\u2019t need to be \u201cplugged in\u201d\u2014they\u2019re fully implanted and wireless. Others are less invasive; they might involve placing wired electrodes on the surface of the brain or simply wearing a cap of electrodes, for example. There are trade-offs\u2014the closer you get to the neurons you want to record from, the better your signal will be. But generally speaking, the more invasive the surgery, the higher the risk of complications. BCIs can also have different functions. Harrell has ALS, but most BCIs in use today are sitting in the brains of people with spinal cord injuries. Typically, these individuals have some degree of paralysis; for example, they may be unable to move their arms and legs, but their face and ability to speak are unaffected. In those cases, BCIs can be used to control other kinds of devices that might help with mobility. In 2024, Michelle Patrick-Krueger, then at the University of Houston, and her colleagues published\u00a0a roundup of all trials of BCIs conducted between 1998, which is when they believe the first device was implanted, and the end of 2023. They identified 21 research groups that, among them, had trialed BCIs in a total of 67 volunteers. \u201cSince then, that number has increased a lot,\u201d says Mariska Vansteensel, a BCI researcher at University Medical Center Utrecht. In January, Neuralink (the BCI company founded by trillionaire Elon Musk)\u00a0announced that it has implanted 21 people with its device in the past two years. Synchron, another BCI company, is currently testing its devices in trials in North America and Australia. Shanghai-based Neuracle has been trialing a BCI since November 2024, and it\u00a0recently obtained approval for the device to be used outside of clinical trials. Precision Neuroscience, cofounded by a former co-creator of rival Neuralink, is also trialing its BCI, which sits on the surface of the brain. At the same time, academic research has continued. The UC Davis team that worked with Harrell is part of BrainGate\u2014a BCI research effort that has been running for the past two decades. Other academic teams are exploring a variety of devices, from the fully implanted to the minimally invasive. Since 2024, when Patrick-Krueger\u2019s paper was published, the number of people who have been implanted with a brain electrode has more than doubled, according to Vansteensel. \u201cMy current estimation would be around 150 people,\u201d she says. The technology is improving too. Take the BrainGate trial, for example. The first 17 years of that trial focused on the use of what researchers call \u201cpoint-and-click\u201d communication\u2014allowing users to control a cursor and \u201cclick\u201d with their brain activity. But in recent years the team has pivoted toward decoding speech, says David Brandman, the lead investigator on the team (and the person who implanted Harrell\u2019s electrodes). Today, Harrell\u2019s device uses a voice clone\u2014the speech it produces is based on previous recordings of Harrell\u2019s voice. But BCIs are still experimental. And plenty of questions remain about who might benefit from them\u2014and how long the devices will last. So far, most BCIs have been implanted in people with spinal cord injuries. We know even less about how they might benefit other people who have ALS, for example. In some cases where the devices initially helped people with ALS\u2014even someone who was completely locked in\u2014the BCIs eventually stopped working. And scientists don\u2019t really know why. The only way they\u2019ll find out is through more research\u2014and the participation of volunteers like Harrell. So it\u2019s exciting to see trials truly take off. And I promise I\u2019ll update you on where they stand two years from now. This article first appeared in The Checkup,\u00a0MIT Technology Review\u2019s\u00a0weekly biotech newsletter. To receive it in your inbox every Thursday, and read articles like this first,\u00a0sign up here.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_pvb_checkbox_block_on_post":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,5,7,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ai-club","category-committee","category-news","category-uncategorized","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3 - 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