{"id":82542,"date":"2026-04-10T14:59:48","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T14:59:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/"},"modified":"2026-04-10T14:59:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T14:59:48","slug":"the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/","title":{"rendered":"The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>arXiv:2604.07754v1 Announce Type: cross<br \/>\nAbstract: The deployment of large language models (LLMs) raises significant ethical and safety concerns. While LLM alignment techniques are adopted to improve model safety and trustworthiness, adversaries can exploit these techniques to undermine safety for malicious purposes, resulting in emph{misalignment}. Misaligned LLMs may be published on open platforms to magnify harm. To address this, additional safety alignment, referred to as emph{realignment}, is necessary before deploying untrusted third-party LLMs. This study explores the efficacy of fine-tuning methods in terms of misalignment, realignment, and the effects of their interplay. By evaluating four Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and two Preference Fine-Tuning (PFT) methods across four popular safety-aligned LLMs, we reveal a mechanism asymmetry between attack and defense. While Odds Ratio Preference Optimization (ORPO) is most effective for misalignment, Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) excels in realignment, albeit at the expense of model utility. Additionally, we identify model-specific resistance, residual effects of multi-round adversarial dynamics, and other noteworthy findings. These findings highlight the need for robust safeguards and customized safety alignment strategies to mitigate potential risks in the deployment of LLMs. Our code is available at https:\/\/github.com\/zhangrui4041\/The-Art-of-Mis-alignment.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>arXiv:2604.07754v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The deployment of large language models (LLMs) raises significant ethical and safety concerns. While LLM alignment techniques are adopted to improve model safety and trustworthiness, adversaries can exploit these techniques to undermine safety for malicious purposes, resulting in emph{misalignment}. Misaligned LLMs may be published on open platforms to magnify harm. To address this, additional safety alignment, referred to as emph{realignment}, is necessary before deploying untrusted third-party LLMs. This study explores the efficacy of fine-tuning methods in terms of misalignment, realignment, and the effects of their interplay. By evaluating four Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and two Preference Fine-Tuning (PFT) methods across four popular safety-aligned LLMs, we reveal a mechanism asymmetry between attack and defense. While Odds Ratio Preference Optimization (ORPO) is most effective for misalignment, Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) excels in realignment, albeit at the expense of model utility. Additionally, we identify model-specific resistance, residual effects of multi-round adversarial dynamics, and other noteworthy findings. These findings highlight the need for robust safeguards and customized safety alignment strategies to mitigate potential risks in the deployment of LLMs. Our code is available at https:\/\/github.com\/zhangrui4041\/The-Art-of-Mis-alignment.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_pvb_checkbox_block_on_post":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,5,7,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ai-club","category-committee","category-news","category-uncategorized","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training - YouZum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e23\u0e19\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training - YouZum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e23\u0e19\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"YouZum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DroneAssociationTH\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-04-10T14:59:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin NU\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin NU\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin NU\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#\/schema\/person\/97fa48242daf3908e4d9a5f26f4a059c\"},\"headline\":\"The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-10T14:59:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/\"},\"wordCount\":207,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"AI\",\"Committee\",\"News\",\"Uncategorized\"],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/\",\"name\":\"The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training - YouZum\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-10T14:59:48+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e23\u0e19\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/\",\"name\":\"YouSum\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Drone Association Thailand\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tranparent-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tranparent-logo.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":300,\"caption\":\"Drone Association Thailand\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DroneAssociationTH\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#\/schema\/person\/97fa48242daf3908e4d9a5f26f4a059c\",\"name\":\"admin NU\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/2\/1746849356-bpfull.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/2\/1746849356-bpfull.png\",\"caption\":\"admin NU\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/members\/adminnu\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training - YouZum","description":"\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e23\u0e19","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training - YouZum","og_description":"\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e23\u0e19","og_url":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/","og_site_name":"YouZum","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DroneAssociationTH\/","article_published_time":"2026-04-10T14:59:48+00:00","author":"admin NU","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u4f5c\u8005":"admin NU","\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4":"1 \u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/"},"author":{"name":"admin NU","@id":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#\/schema\/person\/97fa48242daf3908e4d9a5f26f4a059c"},"headline":"The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training","datePublished":"2026-04-10T14:59:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/"},"wordCount":207,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#organization"},"articleSection":["AI","Committee","News","Uncategorized"],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/","url":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/","name":"The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training - YouZum","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-04-10T14:59:48+00:00","description":"\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e23\u0e19","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/the-art-of-misalignment-how-fine-tuning-methods-effectively-misalign-and-realign-llms-in-post-training\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#website","url":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/","name":"YouSum","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#organization","name":"Drone Association Thailand","url":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tranparent-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tranparent-logo.png","width":300,"height":300,"caption":"Drone Association Thailand"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DroneAssociationTH\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#\/schema\/person\/97fa48242daf3908e4d9a5f26f4a059c","name":"admin NU","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/yousum.gpucore.co\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/2\/1746849356-bpfull.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/2\/1746849356-bpfull.png","caption":"admin NU"},"url":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/members\/adminnu\/"}]}},"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"admin NU","author_link":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/members\/adminnu\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/category\/ai-club\/\" rel=\"category tag\">AI<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/category\/committee\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Committee<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/category\/uncategorized\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Uncategorized<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"arXiv:2604.07754v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The deployment of large language models (LLMs) raises significant ethical and safety concerns. While LLM alignment techniques are adopted to improve model safety and trustworthiness, adversaries can exploit these techniques to undermine safety for malicious purposes, resulting in emph{misalignment}. Misaligned LLMs may be published on open platforms to magnify harm.&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82542","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82542"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82542\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}