{"id":107928,"date":"2026-07-30T19:57:38","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T19:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/montanas-plan-to-become-an-experimental-medical-hub-just-pushed-forward\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T19:57:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T19:57:38","slug":"montanas-plan-to-become-an-experimental-medical-hub-just-pushed-forward","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/montanas-plan-to-become-an-experimental-medical-hub-just-pushed-forward\/","title":{"rendered":"Montana\u2019s plan to become an experimental medical hub just pushed forward"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

As of this week in Montana, any biotech company with an experimental drug has a clear path to selling it to consumers. Companies whose drugs have been through preliminary testing\u2014sometimes in as few as 10 healthy people\u2014can pay $12,500 to apply to a newly established review board for approval. Once its treatment is rubber-stamped, the company can set the price of the drug and sell it via experimental treatment clinics, the first of which is likely to be up and running around the end of this year.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Montana\u2019s latest right-to-try legislation is unique. While other jurisdictions with similar laws limit access to drugs to people with terminal illness, in Montana access is theoretically available to anyone who gives informed consent and can pay. That includes people desperate for treatments for rare diseases. It also includes those who are interested in longevity and want to try out drugs pitched as preventive therapies.<\/p>\n

The state\u2019s Department of Health and Human Services recently finalized rules to implement the law. The rules stipulate that patient consumers provide fully informed consent and that each application be reviewed by a board that includes a Montana-certified doctor, expert scientists, and an ethicist. Supporters of the law stress that they want the process to be responsible. \u201cIt will be done in a very rigorous way, with qualified medical professionals and appropriate oversight,\u201d says Matt Kaeberlein, a scientist on the first board, which was formed independently of the state health department.<\/p>\n

But other experts are worried about the potential for harm in selling unproven treatments to people without oversight from the US Food and Drug Administration. \u201cI would be concerned,\u201d says Aaron Kesselheim, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School with expertise in health policy and drug regulation.<\/p>\n

There has been a growing movement to make unapproved drugs more accessible in the US<\/a>. But the story of Montana\u2019s law is unique. It\u2019s been driven and drafted by longevity enthusiasts instead of the usual libertarian and patient groups.<\/p>\n

An unusual origin story<\/h3>\n

Montana first passed a right-to-try law in 2015. In 2023, with the support of state senator Ken Bogner, the state expanded the law to include all patients, not those just with terminal disease. Last year, Bogner told MIT Technology Review<\/em> that his vision was to focus \u201cmore on preventative medicine\u201d rather than \u201cjust treating diseases once they show up.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bogner says he had \u201cstarted working on a bill\u201d that would become the 2023 law when the Alliance for Longevity Initiatives (A4LI), a nonprofit \u201cdedicated to advancing legislation and policies aimed at increasing healthy human lifespan,\u201d got in touch. A4LI connected Bogner with others who helped draft the bill and testified in support of it.<\/p>\n

Once that law was in place, the tech entrepreneur and longevity enthusiast Niklas Anzinger got involved. Anzinger has been working to establish a jurisdiction to fast-track the search for drugs that might deliver radical life extension. He is based in Pr\u00f3spera\u2014a private city and \u201cspecial economic zone\u201d in Roat\u00e1n, Honduras, which is already home to a separate clinic that sells experimental stem-cell and gene therapies. Anzinger founded a community there called Infinita City; he has also founded an investment company and a \u201cservice providing\u201d company, both of which include the name Infinita.<\/p>\n

Over the last couple of years, Anzinger has switched his focus to the US. \u201cNow we think that Montana is a better model, because it\u2019s building on \u2026 existing regulatory precedents,\u201d he says. Once Montana\u2019s 2023 law was passed, he adds, he worked with a handful of unnamed biotech companies to draft a second bill\u2014one that laid out the specific terms under which clinics can offer unapproved drugs. That law was passed in April 2025<\/a> and adopted the following month.<\/p>\n

Since then, Anzinger, Bogner, and others have been waiting for the state\u2019s Department of Health and Human Services to finalize specific rules for treatment centers\u2014a set of operational guidelines and requirements that any clinic offering treatments unapproved by the FDA must meet under Montana\u2019s law. \u201cThe rules have been taking a very long time,\u201d says Anzinger. \u201cThen on Friday, we heard they were effective \u2026 from Saturday [July 25].\u201d The rules have since been published online<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Following the rules<\/h3>\n

With the new rules in hand, Anzinger and his colleague Stephen Martin, Infinita\u2019s US lead, got to work. The first step was to establish an independent experimental treatment review board\u2014a panel of five experts to evaluate applications for access. Anzinger and Martin started recruiting candidates months ago.<\/p>\n

The state\u2019s first board, named the Montana ETRB<\/a>, was officially announced by Infinita earlier this week. For the time being, it is the state\u2019s only review board, although Anzinger says that other groups are free to establish their own. After Bogner raised concerns that the board\u2019s website wrongly implied that it was an official state body, the site was updated to note that \u201cIt is a private service run by Montana Governance Services Inc.\u201d That company is \u201ca local Montana registered entity, but it is under the Infinita umbrella,\u201d says Anzinger.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Infinita will pay board members a flat fee, funded by the $12,500 companies will have to pay to have their applications reviewed. Anzinger stresses that the board members, and their decisions, will be independent of Infinita.<\/p>\n

In accordance with the rules, the board includes a Montana-licensed doctor: James Burke, an oncologist. It also includes a bioethicist: Jessica Flanigan<\/a>, a libertarian who is known for her strong views in support of self-medication and her book Pharmaceutical Freedom.<\/em><\/p>\n

The other three members are familiar faces in the longevity community\u2014all of whom are well respected in the field. \u201cWhen we looked at our own network, these were some of the best guys,\u201d says Martin. They include Felipe Sierra, who formerly held a senior role at the National Institutes of Health\u2019s arm focused on aging<\/a>. More recently, Sierra served as chief scientific officer<\/a> at Hevolution Foundation<\/a>, a nonprofit that funds research into extending healthy lifespan with the support of the government of Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n

Matt Kaeberlein, who formerly led the Dog Aging Project<\/a> and has studied the potential for rapamycin as a longevity therapeutic, also features. So does Jamie Justice, a gerontologist who is also executive director of the X Prize Healthspan competition<\/a>, which has $101 million in prize money up for grabs for researchers who find ways to treat the signs of aging.<\/p>\n

\u201cI saw an opportunity to help build a safe, transparent, and scientifically rigorous process for implementing Montana\u2019s newly expanded right-to-try legislation, particularly as it applies to longevity medicines and aging-related interventions,\u201d says Justice. \u201cScience is moving quickly, and I wanted to help ensure that as it develops, it does so with real rigor and accountability.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kaeberlein, who has a prominent media presence, has long raised his own concerns about access to other unproven treatments, including peptides and stem-cell therapies. He sees Montana\u2019s setup as offering a more regulated environment\u2014one that offers scientific oversight, ensures informed consent, and allows for data collection.<\/p>\n

Applications incoming\u00a0<\/h3>\n

While many of the bill\u2019s original supporters were interested in longevity, the initial interest in making drugs more accessible in Montana is coming from companies and individuals looking to treat specific diseases.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe were actually surprised that much of the interest \u2026 is actually more from oncology [and] neurodegenerative disease,\u201d says Anzinger. This focus, he says, is \u201cvery compatible\u201d with Infinita\u2019s mission. \u201cWe\u2019re not trying to convince everyone \u2026 to support radical life extension,\u201d he says. Anything that extends health and human life, including treating cancer and neurodegenerative disease, is part of what longevity means to him, he says.<\/p>\n

Martin says that two applications have already been submitted to the newly formed review board. They\u2019ve come from biotech companies that are developing drugs for neuropathy and hearing loss, he says. \u201cI expect we\u2019re going to get started on them this week,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

One of the applications was submitted by Stanley Kim, CEO of WinSanTor. His company is developing a treatment for peripheral neuropathy, a painful nerve condition that can be a consequence of cancer treatment or diabetes. The drug is currently in phase II trials<\/a>, but Kim says he regularly receives messages from people who are desperate to access it, to the point of being suicidal. He hopes that not only will he be able to make the drug accessible to those people, but he\u2019ll also be able to collect data from them\u2014data that might help accelerate the drug\u2019s approval process.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have a newsletter [that is sent to] around 15,000 patients,\u201d says Kim. \u201cNot all of them will be able to go to Montana, but many of them, I think, will.\u201d His company still plans to continue with regular clinical trials as well.<\/p>\n

But not all biotech companies with early-stage drugs feel comfortable submitting an application\u2014at least not yet. Thomas Joudinaud, CEO of a French biotechnology company called Ceres Brain Therapeutics, has fielded a request from a person keen to access the company\u2019s experimental drug in Montana. He says that while Montana\u2019s system is \u201cvery interesting and very pragmatic\u201d and \u201csuitable for our drug,\u201d he won\u2019t be submitting an application for the time being. He is concerned that if anything goes wrong in Montana, it may jeopardize the company\u2019s standing with the FDA, which wields the power to approve or reject the sale of its treatments to broader populations.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Martin and others have asked the FDA for some kind of assurance that biotech companies participating in Montana\u2019s program won\u2019t be penalized later on. But the agency hasn\u2019t provided them with more than a restatement of the federal Right to Try Act.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs a matter of policy, the FDA does not comment on state legislation,\u201d an FDA spokesperson wrote in response to a request for clarification from MIT Technology Review<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Even if the FDA were to provide some kind of assurance, it wouldn\u2019t necessarily protect biotech companies in the long term, cautions Chris Robertson, a specialist in health law at Boston University. The FDA\u2019s position could change with a new presidential administration, he says: \u201cI wouldn\u2019t bet on anything that the FDA is saying today being applicable when the rubber hits the road later.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

Companies that want to stay on good terms with the FDA would be safest taking the expanded-access route, says Robertson. That\u2019s the pathway the FDA already uses for people who are seriously or terminally ill, have run out of options, and want to try experimental drugs that have not yet been through clinical trials. The FDA approves over 99% of these applications, says Harvard\u2019s Kesselheim<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThe FDA isn\u2019t a bottleneck but in fact exists to help ensure that expanded-access programs are aboveboard and that patients who receive [the drugs] are able to contribute knowledge about [them],\u201d says Kesselheim. He says he doesn\u2019t think that any \u201clegitimate manufacturer\u201d should fear having to go through the FDA\u2019s expanded-access process, which the agency says takes \u201cless than 45 minutes\u201d to fill out.<\/p>\n

The cost of experimenting<\/h3>\n

There are some key differences between expanded access, which allows seriously ill people to apply for access to experimental drugs that might not have been through any human trials, and Montana\u2019s approach. In theory, a person doesn\u2019t need to be seriously ill to access experimental drugs in Montana.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cIn Montana, patients may be eligible for preventive or earlier-stage interventions if they provide informed consent and meet the program\u2019s requirements, so the breadth of potential therapies and situations is much broader,\u201d says Kaeberlein, the Montana ETRB member, who is an affiliate professor at the University of Washington in Seattle.<\/p>\n

Kaeberlein also highlights another key difference, which is cost. Companies that make their treatments available through expanded access are only able to charge for the costs of making, transporting, and monitoring the drug, and they must justify the eventual price to the FDA. In Montana, they can charge whatever price they want. Stanley of WinSanTor says he plans to sell his drugs \u201cat cost.\u201d But Ceres\u2019s Joudinaud says that he\u2019d be more interested in selling his at a market price. When asked what that might be, he hinted that the prices of new drugs for rare diseases can be high. In recent years, the median price of such drugs was $218,872<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cInstead of simply creating a legal pathway for patients, it also creates a business model that companies may actually be willing to use,\u201d says Kaeberlein.<\/p>\n

Beyond the financial cost, there will be risks associated with any experimental drug. Phase I trials don\u2019t conclusively reveal whether a drug is safe. Around 17% of drugs are found to be inadequately safe during phase III <\/em>trials<\/a>. \u201cThe idea that a drug has been proven safe because it\u2019s been subject to a phase I study is very, very wrong,\u201d says Kesselheim. Bioethicists have raised concerns about the ethics of promoting and selling unproven treatments<\/a> and the risk of harm should something go wrong.<\/p>\n

But the moment when people start spending money on these treatments is already fast approaching. While Montana\u2019s first ETRB prepares to review its first applications, clinics that hope to be part of the program are busy addressing the requirements laid out in the state\u2019s new rules. Treatment rooms are being outfitted. Medical directors are being hired. And experimental treatments should be reaching patients in the coming months.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As of this week in Montana, any biotech company with an experimental drug has a clear path to selling it to consumers. Companies whose drugs have been through preliminary testing\u2014sometimes in as few as 10 healthy people\u2014can pay $12,500 to apply to a newly established review board for approval. Once its treatment is rubber-stamped, the company can set the price of the drug and sell it via experimental treatment clinics, the first of which is likely to be up and running around the end of this year.\u00a0\u00a0 Montana\u2019s latest right-to-try legislation is unique. While other jurisdictions with similar laws limit access to drugs to people with terminal illness, in Montana access is theoretically available to anyone who gives informed consent and can pay. That includes people desperate for treatments for rare diseases. It also includes those who are interested in longevity and want to try out drugs pitched as preventive therapies. The state\u2019s Department of Health and Human Services recently finalized rules to implement the law. The rules stipulate that patient consumers provide fully informed consent and that each application be reviewed by a board that includes a Montana-certified doctor, expert scientists, and an ethicist. Supporters of the law stress that they want the process to be responsible. \u201cIt will be done in a very rigorous way, with qualified medical professionals and appropriate oversight,\u201d says Matt Kaeberlein, a scientist on the first board, which was formed independently of the state health department. But other experts are worried about the potential for harm in selling unproven treatments to people without oversight from the US Food and Drug Administration. \u201cI would be concerned,\u201d says Aaron Kesselheim, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School with expertise in health policy and drug regulation. There has been a growing movement to make unapproved drugs more accessible in the US. But the story of Montana\u2019s law is unique. It\u2019s been driven and drafted by longevity enthusiasts instead of the usual libertarian and patient groups. An unusual origin story Montana first passed a right-to-try law in 2015. In 2023, with the support of state senator Ken Bogner, the state expanded the law to include all patients, not those just with terminal disease. Last year, Bogner told MIT Technology Review that his vision was to focus \u201cmore on preventative medicine\u201d rather than \u201cjust treating diseases once they show up.\u201d Bogner says he had \u201cstarted working on a bill\u201d that would become the 2023 law when the Alliance for Longevity Initiatives (A4LI), a nonprofit \u201cdedicated to advancing legislation and policies aimed at increasing healthy human lifespan,\u201d got in touch. A4LI connected Bogner with others who helped draft the bill and testified in support of it. Once that law was in place, the tech entrepreneur and longevity enthusiast Niklas Anzinger got involved. Anzinger has been working to establish a jurisdiction to fast-track the search for drugs that might deliver radical life extension. He is based in Pr\u00f3spera\u2014a private city and \u201cspecial economic zone\u201d in Roat\u00e1n, Honduras, which is already home to a separate clinic that sells experimental stem-cell and gene therapies. Anzinger founded a community there called Infinita City; he has also founded an investment company and a \u201cservice providing\u201d company, both of which include the name Infinita. Over the last couple of years, Anzinger has switched his focus to the US. \u201cNow we think that Montana is a better model, because it\u2019s building on \u2026 existing regulatory precedents,\u201d he says. Once Montana\u2019s 2023 law was passed, he adds, he worked with a handful of unnamed biotech companies to draft a second bill\u2014one that laid out the specific terms under which clinics can offer unapproved drugs. That law was passed in April 2025 and adopted the following month. Since then, Anzinger, Bogner, and others have been waiting for the state\u2019s Department of Health and Human Services to finalize specific rules for treatment centers\u2014a set of operational guidelines and requirements that any clinic offering treatments unapproved by the FDA must meet under Montana\u2019s law. \u201cThe rules have been taking a very long time,\u201d says Anzinger. \u201cThen on Friday, we heard they were effective \u2026 from Saturday [July 25].\u201d The rules have since been published online. Following the rules With the new rules in hand, Anzinger and his colleague Stephen Martin, Infinita\u2019s US lead, got to work. The first step was to establish an independent experimental treatment review board\u2014a panel of five experts to evaluate applications for access. Anzinger and Martin started recruiting candidates months ago. The state\u2019s first board, named the Montana ETRB, was officially announced by Infinita earlier this week. For the time being, it is the state\u2019s only review board, although Anzinger says that other groups are free to establish their own. After Bogner raised concerns that the board\u2019s website wrongly implied that it was an official state body, the site was updated to note that \u201cIt is a private service run by Montana Governance Services Inc.\u201d That company is \u201ca local Montana registered entity, but it is under the Infinita umbrella,\u201d says Anzinger.\u00a0 Infinita will pay board members a flat fee, funded by the $12,500 companies will have to pay to have their applications reviewed. Anzinger stresses that the board members, and their decisions, will be independent of Infinita. In accordance with the rules, the board includes a Montana-licensed doctor: James Burke, an oncologist. It also includes a bioethicist: Jessica Flanigan, a libertarian who is known for her strong views in support of self-medication and her book Pharmaceutical Freedom. The other three members are familiar faces in the longevity community\u2014all of whom are well respected in the field. \u201cWhen we looked at our own network, these were some of the best guys,\u201d says Martin. They include Felipe Sierra, who formerly held a senior role at the National Institutes of Health\u2019s arm focused on aging. More recently, Sierra served as chief scientific officer at Hevolution Foundation, a nonprofit that funds research into extending healthy lifespan with the support of the government of Saudi Arabia. Matt Kaeberlein, who<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_pvb_checkbox_block_on_post":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,5,7,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107928","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ai-club","category-committee","category-news","category-uncategorized","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMontana\u2019s plan to become an experimental medical hub just pushed forward - 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Companies whose drugs have been through preliminary testing\u2014sometimes in as few as 10 healthy people\u2014can pay $12,500 to apply to a newly established review board for approval. Once its treatment is rubber-stamped, the…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107928","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107928"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107928\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/youzum.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}